Franklins Plan essays

Franklins Plan articles Benjamin Franklin is referred to by pretty much every American as an extraordinary and huge piece of the historical backdrop of the United States. Franklin is viewed as The First American, not just due to his journey for Americas opportunity, yet for his various logical achievements, his governmental issues, and his distributions. An enormous piece of Franklins popularity originates from his arrangement of personal growth and his idea of living intentionally. Despite the fact that he his is thought of as a legend in numerous people groups eyes, there are stills numerous individuals who feel Franklin was only an extraordinary resident. A pundit by the name of D.H Lawrence feels pretty energetically about this. To investigate Franklin as an edification figure, and his arrangement on personal development, an individual must tune in to Lawrences critisism. To comprehend Franklins personal growth we should comprehend what he is attempting to achieve. He made a rundown of four goals to follow. He made plans to turn out to be increasingly cheap with the goal that he could set aside enough cash to reimburse what he owed to other people. He concluded that he would be straightforward and true in each word and activity. He guaranteed himself to be enterprising to whatever business I take close by. Lastly he pledged to tear down no man whatever, not even in a way of truth and to talk all the great I am aware of each body. From these goals Franklin made a rundown of thirteen temperances, which he followed efficiently. These ideals whenever utilized appropriately should make him proficient and give him an edge in his business. Franklin makes presuppositions in regards to our abilities to control our own lives. He recommends that everybody can examine, and control the manner in which they think and respond to various circumstances. This is finished by rehearsing his rundown of temperances, which thusly will make them propensity and the excellencies can be applied sub-intentionally. This is colossal, the possibility that one can make themselves by understanding their propensities and inhi... <!

Use of Estar and Ser with Adjectives of Marital Status

Utilization of Estar and Ser with Adjectives of Marital Status On the off chance that you are figuring out how to communicate in Spanish, you might be pondering which word depicting military status is right - soy casada or estoy casada? The snappy answer is that theyre both right! With descriptors of conjugal status - ones other than casado (wedded) incorporate soltero (single), divorciado (separated) and viudo (bereft), alongside their female counterparts - estar and ser are pretty much compatible. Distinction Between Ser and Ester Despite the fact that the contrasts among ser and estar are typically particular, that just doesnt appear to be so with the modifiers of conjugal status, where youll regularly hear the two action words utilized with little distinction in significance. In certain territories, be that as it may, either might be liked, and estar presumably has an edge in regular discourse, in any event with casado. All things considered, utilization of estar can recommend (yet doesnt consistently) there has been a change in conjugal status. In this manner, you may ask another colleague  ¿es usted casado? on the off chance that you consider his to be status as a major aspect of his character. Be that as it may, you may approach a companion you havent seen for some time  ¿ests casado? as a method of asking, Have you gotten hitched since I saw you last? or on the other hand Are you despite everything hitched? Similitudes With Other Spanish Adjectives The equivalent is valid with not many descriptive words, for example, gordo (fat) and delgado (slender), that depict individual attributes. Both es gordo and est gordo can be utilized to state he is fat, for instance. The last frequently recommends that there has been a change, while the previous may propose just a portrayal of the manner in which an individual is. So the decision of action word can propose a disposition - estar may recommend a condition of being right now, while ser may recommend a natural trademark. Truth be told, that is the most secure approach to settle on your action word decision, and estar must be utilized where surely there has been a change. However, in regular depictions, the qualification of importance isnt consistently a pointedly clear one.

Pip and Joes relationship Essay Example for Free

Pip and Joes relationship Essay Yet, the fundamental defining moment for the relationship of these two characters is the point at which he is told by Mr. Jaggers, legal advisor who shields Magwitch, Magwitch orders him to monitor Pips accounts. Jaggers fills in as Pips gatekeeper during his time in London. Pip moves to London and makes new companions and carries on with an alternate life to the one he had during his youth then we he comes back to see the town he is astounded the amount London is not the same as the swamps and how the individuals talk and act unique. Be that as it may while Pip is in London he shows a sine of pomposity and vanity and on account of this he is embarrassed or humiliated by the appearance of Joe on the grounds that he figures it would demolish his notoriety with his wharfs and mates if he somehow managed to be seen dinning with a straightforward individual and not the most extravagant and very much regarded individuals in London and due to this Pip needs to change his character, his life and above all else his ethics and this impacts individuals around him, for example, Joe and no longer treats him as a closest companion yet like a far separation companion. Be that as it may, while Joe is at Pips level little items and developments shows how Joe has begun to treat Pip diversely and how he can no longer treat Pip a similar way he did at his adolescence and how Pip no longer needs assistance from Joe. One of these items is the situation of Joes cap and the amount of a complain he makes over it and furthermore the jargon he uses and the amount he is amazed on Herberts politeness towards him. Additionally when Pip sees Joe leave he understands something significant which is even idea he has cash, regard and companions Joe has been there for an incredible duration and consistently appear to think about him regardless lastly finds the measure of steadfastness which is appeared towards him and furthermore that Joe is certainly not a basic man or a more unfortunate individual he is a persevering individual who merits everything great that comes to him and an ethical man who is a sort hearted companion. Another key piece of the story is soon after Magwitch kicks the bucket and Pip becomes sick and Joe takes it on himself to nurture Pip back to wellbeing. At the point when Pip does at last wakeful he is amazed to see Joe Which dear old Pip, old chap, said Joe, you and me was ever companions, And when youre all around ok to go out for a ride what songbirds! in this short bit of composing it shows how energized Joe is to see Pip well and this is practically like the beginning of the story and it is totally not the same as the jargon Joe utilized in London since now he is in his usual range of familiarity and doesnt need to act a specific method to be acknowledged. The entire story is done where it begins back home where he meets Estella and chooses to back to London so as to satisfy his fantasy about turning into an appropriate noble men and furthermore turns out to be nearer than at any other time to Joe and to his new spouse Biddy. Taking everything into account I have found that Pip and Joes relationship is the principle premise of the story and it varies from each occasion and how even in the most exceedingly terrible of times Joe will consistently be there for Pip regardless of what circumstance as he will never change his assessment of Joe. Times may change yet there kinship will consistently be there and this is introduced unmistakably by Dickens and it regularly alludes to his very own life as his dad was placed in jail like Magwitch and how he was moved to another town with no decision lastly his affection with Ellen Turner is fundamentally the same as the fixation which Pip appears for Estella. Generally Dickens presents the relationship as thought they are live long companions or perfect partners and this is the fundamental idea all through the story.

Buy Custom Term Paper Reviews & Tips

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The Business-Level Strategy the Corporate-Level Strategy That Is Most Important To The Long-Term Success Of Honda Motors Company Free Essay Example, 2000 words

The paper tells that the best business strategy for Honda that will ensure its long-term success is decentralization. The subsidiaries are allowed to operate independently, therefore, they are best suited to understand the consumer needs. By understanding consumer needs, they will always fully satisfy their consumers, therefore retaining a competitive advantage that will ensure their long-term success. Corporate strategy can be defined as a set of decisions that determine and reveal an organizations objectives, purposes, and goals both short and long-term. Corporate strategies are focused on mission, vision and structure and value creation throughout the organization. The key corporate strategy at Honda is enhancing corporate value by a way of expanding sales within each of its three product lines which are dependent on accelerated innovation in the company, and especially research and design as well as manufacturing. When a company achieves its business strategies, it, therefore, m eans that it is in the process of achieving corporate strategy success as well as evident in Honda. Honda introduces their products by consideration of geographical differences and variations in culture. This has produced good results in their business line. We will write a custom essay sample on The Business-Level Strategy the Corporate-Level Strategy That Is Most Important To The Long-Term Success Of Honda Motors Company or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page They constantly transfer their technology from powertrains and engines to their automobiles, generators and marine engines.

Essay on Conflict in Othello - 877 Words

Othello is a play which contains many conflicts between the characters. The main conflicts in ‘Othello’ are between friends and foes. Othello’s inner conflict, cultural and racial differences which lead to racial judgement and discrimination, to express these conflicts; Shakespeare uses many techniques such as soliloquies, dramatic irony, imagery foreshadowing and symbolism. Amongst the main characters there are many conflicts, however the main reason for most of the conflict if Iago and Shakespeare use the techniques to show us how Iago causes the conflicts. This also analyzes Othello’s pride, his self conscious nature, his jealousy and his rash behaviour. Conflict between the characters especially Iago and Othello is partly†¦show more content†¦INTERNAL CONFLICT - JEALOUSY, HATE IDENTITY. Why else do men hate each other? Ego Envy. Othello picks Cassio for promotion instead of Iago which hints Iago is jealous of Cassio. Iago is the embodiment of pure evil, and enjoys having power over others, which also makes him jealous of Othello; his life, his position, his beautiful wife. It is also been said that Iago was a homosexual, and that he hates Othello because he couldn’t have Othello to himself. Iago frequently declares his ‘love’ for Othello by stating that he is ‘bound to (Othello) forever’ by ‘heaven’s light’. EXTERNAL CONFLICT RACISM Othello was ‘dark/swarthy’ and other characters looked down on him for this. He was a black man from Northern Africa and his status in Venice is complicated as both an insider and outsider. However, even though he is from a foreign culture he is the commander of the Venetian military system which is where he gets his respects from. Iago’s comments against Othello are racist and denigrating. â€Å"The old black ram is tupping your white ewe’ refers to the eloping of Othello and Desdemona as both degrading and racist. Iago also refers to Othello as a ‘Barbary Horse’ in other words an ‘uncontrolled sexual beast’. INTERPERSONAL CONFLICT Iago vs. Othello The conflict between Iago an Othello is many between the two but only one person can see what’s happening. Iago constantly manipulates, lies and plots to ensure that heShow MoreRelatedConflict is a Major Issue in Othello1173 Words   |  5 PagesConflict is a major issue in Othello, the source for all the problems in the story all lead back to love and jealousy. Love can be an extremely powerful thing in life. It can easily draw two people closer together or simply destroy something that could have been great. Ironically similar, jealousy can tear something apart just as fast as love can. This timeless tragedy starts out in Venice, with a plot to attain revenge on Othello. Iago and Roderigo are simply jealous with the fact that OthelloRead MoreIn many of his plays, Shakespeare demonstrates ideas of gender and racial stereotypes. Othello, a1100 Words   |  5 Pagesstereotypes. Othello, a play in which characters are judged based on sex and appearance, is an example of these stereotypes. Othello’s non-white ethnic background provides a platform for racial conflict. The characters of Desdemona and Emilia allow for sexism and gender conflict. These themes of Othello are closely related because of the similar prejudice and stereotypes. The sexism and racism in Othello allow for racist tones and ethnic conflicts. Women play an important role in Othello. The chastityRead MoreOf Mice And Men And Othello Analysis1530 Words   |  7 PagesImpossibility of Ideals in Othello and Of Mice and Men It is a celebrated part of human nature to dream big. All too often, these idealistic dreams become too big, and as demonstrated in Othello by William Shakespeare and Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck, the harsh reality will always catch up. Othello is the story of a successful venetian general who, despite being a moor, marries Desdemona, a beautiful woman whom he loves with all his heart. Through a jealous ploy by Iago, Othello begins to doubt theRead MoreShakespeare s Othello As A Tragic Hero1517 Words   |  7 Pages Some may wonder, who is Aristotle and why does he label Shakespeare’s play, Othello, as a tragedy? Aristotle is a famous Greek philosopher who defines Shakespeare’s character, Othello, as a tragic hero. Many parts in Othello tell the readers that the play is a tragedy, such as jealousy, arguing, and death, which makes the play famous and delightful to read. Aristotle has identified many common traits or characteristics that a tragic hero requires. In Shakespeare s play, Aristotle defines manyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Play Othello 1119 Words   |  5 Pagesplay â€Å"Othello†, by William Shakespeare and film adaption by Oliver parker explores the idea of how an individual’s sense of identity affects their actions and how this can be manipulated to create conflict. Shakespeare uses techniques such as soliloquies, dramatic irony, imagery, foreshadowing, and symbolism to show us how tragedy occurs from counteracting to patriarchal rules and stereotypes. Identity is a very key, important thematic issue in William Shakespeare s tragic play, â€Å"Othello†. IdentityRead MoreThe Role Of Race In Othello And Huckleberry Finn941 Words   |  4 Pagesneighborhood. These are examples of how race affects our daily life. In the play Othello written by William Shakespeare and in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn written by Mark Twain, race is challenged through conflicts in the plot, social class, and character relationships. The idea of race is challenged by conflicts on the plot of Othello and Huck Finn. Race is challenged by the conflicts of Othello. Brabantio accuses Othello of putting a spell on Desdemona to make her fall in love with him. BrabantioRead MoreAnalysis Of William Shakespeare s Othello1603 Words   |  7 PagesMAJOR WORKS REVIEW GENERAL 1. Title - Othello 2. Author - William Shakespeare 3. Date of Original Publication - 1622 4. Novel Type - Play STRUCTURE 1. Point of View - Iago 2. Relationship to meaning: The reader sees things the way that Iago sees them. This gives the reader an inside look on Iago’s evil plans, which also leads to a better understanding of all of the other characters, but Iago especially. The reader sees how Iago manipulates so many of the characters, like Roderigo and MontanoRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Oedipus And Othello 982 Words   |  4 PagesOedipus and Othello are two of the most known tragic heroes throughout all of literature. While there are some noticeable differences between the two there are also many similarities between the two characters. With the amount of similarities between the two plays Shakespeare must have been inspired by Oedipus and Sophocles when he was writing Othello. Oedipus the king’s main conflict is based around Greek mythology in that from the time Oedipus is born it is prophesied by the Gods that he is goingRead MoreWhat is the importance of setting and geography in William Shakespeares Othello?1685 Words   |  7 Pagesjealousy, deception and passion interwoven through the text of Othello make the story riveting. But before we can understand why events take place and characters motivations it is important to analyse the geographical arena in which the story of Othello and the moral struggles of the characters are brought to life. By including real locations, which Elizabethans would have herd of, the play appears to be more realistic. Othello is reasonably geographically accurate and this helps to make theRead More Othello, The Moor of Venice Essay examples1319 Words   |  6 PagesOthello, the Moor of Venice is one of the major tragedies written by William Shakespeare that follows the main character, Othello through his trials a nd tribulations. Othello, the Moor of Venice is similar to William Shakespeare’s other tragedies and follows a set of specific rules of drama. The requirements include, following the definition of a tragedy, definition of tragic hero, containing a reversal of fortune, and a descent from happiness. William Shakespeare fulfills Aristotle’s requirements

Creativity In Dreams Essay Example For Students

Creativity In Dreams Essay Creativity in Dreams The mind at its Creative Peak That which the dream shows is the shadow of such wisdom as exists in man, even if during his waking state he may know nothing about it. . We do not know it because we are fooling away our time with outward and perishing things, and are sleep in regard to that which is real within ourselves.-Paracles The quote on dreams, taken out of the novel by Ann Faraday entitled The Dream Game, sums up the necessity for the dream and the importance of our creativity in the dream state. Not only is it imperative to understand this importance of creativity, but to ask and find out how this process we call dreaming takes place. One can accomplish this task by using a step by step approach to dreams. First looking at the mind from a psychological standpoint and then moving on to the creative process and how it is involved in dreaming. Ultimately, one will move to see that in a dream, the mind is at its creative peak because the mind is unconsciously opening doors to information processed during the day that has been unknowingly passed over. The mind is probably one of the most complex systems in the body and is constantly being studied. Though much is still to be understood, scientists have been able to watch carefully and see how the dream images are produced. Many experts say that more information is processed in a dreaming brain that in the awake state (Faraday 17). The brainstem generates signals (PGO Waves) with sensory information, the brainstem responds to the signals, but is not activated. These images are the sources of dream images. Although a brainstem is not activated, the signals do trigger a system called the Central Motor Pattern Generator, during REM sleep, which causes the sensation of movement during ones dreams (Hobson 162). REM sleep occurs every 90 minutes of the sleeping state, beginning first, with short activity and increasing with each passing period. REM periods are when the eyes move back and forth underneath the eyelids according to the brain activity in dreaming (Faraday 20). Not only is there a complicated process in the production of the dream image, but also as the brainstem is producing signals it causes a reaction called A.S. H. which creates the contents of ones dreams. A.S. H. or Activation-synthesis Hypothesis is the loss of a neurotransmitter that chemically charges the mind to process information differently (Hobson 164-5). These neurotransmitters help creativity in dreams, but are not always used to their full potential. 95%-99% of dreams are forgotten because the aminergic neurotransmitters are blocked in REM sleep. However, when awaked in the REM state the transmitters are opened and information is recorded and remembered; creativity during the dream period is utilized (Hobson 166). The creative process is looked at from two main views. The first is that the creative process is not enhanced by dreaming, but when one is asleep, stress is not invading the mind and therefore it is free to think; that is the illusion of the mind being more creative. Stress is something that affects everyone almost every day. When applied to the creative thought process, it is easy to see how it can become a wall that is difficult to push through. The dream content can be traced to the current ongoing of the individuals life, before sleep, and to the emotional level of the dreamer on the subsequent morning. In a dream, events, thoughts and feelings are reflected, that are passed by because we are not aware to catch them; we are to stressed (Faraday 4). Stress comes from many sources in life such as home, work, and one of the most common among young adults and kids is school. .u5c35bc471c62a4d7583432b7ab1f0ff5 , .u5c35bc471c62a4d7583432b7ab1f0ff5 .postImageUrl , .u5c35bc471c62a4d7583432b7ab1f0ff5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5c35bc471c62a4d7583432b7ab1f0ff5 , .u5c35bc471c62a4d7583432b7ab1f0ff5:hover , .u5c35bc471c62a4d7583432b7ab1f0ff5:visited , .u5c35bc471c62a4d7583432b7ab1f0ff5:active { border:0!important; } .u5c35bc471c62a4d7583432b7ab1f0ff5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5c35bc471c62a4d7583432b7ab1f0ff5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5c35bc471c62a4d7583432b7ab1f0ff5:active , .u5c35bc471c62a4d7583432b7ab1f0ff5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5c35bc471c62a4d7583432b7ab1f0ff5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5c35bc471c62a4d7583432b7ab1f0ff5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5c35bc471c62a4d7583432b7ab1f0ff5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5c35bc471c62a4d7583432b7ab1f0ff5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5c35bc471c62a4d7583432b7ab1f0ff5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5c35bc471c62a4d7583432b7ab1f0ff5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5c35bc471c62a4d7583432b7ab1f0ff5 .u5c35bc471c62a4d7583432b7ab1f0ff5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5c35bc471c62a4d7583432b7ab1f0ff5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Road Not Taken By Robert Frost Essay When in deeper, longer period of REM sleep, stress is less and less a factor. This relief, during REM awakening dreams, leads to more bizarre dreams that include more physical and emotional activity. Each sense, in a dream state, is enhanced when awakened during REM cluster (Hobson 155-6). When this view of creativity in dreams is opened, stress is simply shown to be the cause of suppressing the mind and blocking the creative/problem solving ability in the awake state. The second approach to the subject of creativity in dreams, is that the mind is unconsciously opening doors to the information that we pass over each day, but unknowingly process. Brain-wave records show, that the dreaming brain is more active than the one that is awake. Therefore, these records prove that when dreaming, the brain has more capacity for greater work in a given time. (Faraday 17-19). The records are recorded during the REM phase of sleep, when the brain seems to be the most active (the creative peaks of sleep). These Rapid Eye Movements, caused by the brain activity, occur three or four times a night (Faraday 19). Many experts have studied the psychological activity that causes the brain to be more creative in sleep. Another point that is used to support this view, is that in dreams, the mind is not limited by physical laws and this allows impossible solutions and new ideas to arise. Dreams are a private space that allows the mind to become creative and not worry about the possibility of receiving criticism from others. The possibility of the brain understanding knowledge the has been unknowingly processed during the day, in sleep, is the most probable view for creativity in sleep. Creative dreaming is not just the release of stress, but it is a way in which our body works to help us see things we pass over freely explore all of the impossible possibilities. Each person who has a major success in creative dreaming has devoted much of their time to solve the issue, and by being prepared and working hard, they become emotionally involved in the problem (Stone 150). Throughout history, there have been a number of famous people, who have attributed some of their success to creativity in their dreams. It was because of their dedication to their work that the dream process was so vivid. Friedrich Kekule was an organic chemist who had been studying the atomic structure of the benzene molecule. He had almost given up, but in a dream, one night, he saw two snakes from a ring-like structure. Upon his awakening, he realized that the rings were the structure of benzene molecule and he had solved the missing link. Elias Howe is another example of dedication and emotional work to solve an impossible possibility. He was looking for the final solution to his automated sewing machine and found it when he fell asleep. His bizarre dream was of savages throwing spears at him and chasing him due to his failure to finish this machine. He realized that the spearheads contained holes in them and therefore the answer to his sewing machine, a hole in the sharp end of the needle (Stone 149-150). Sleep has specific functions and shows our perceptions and views, feelings and thoughts that are stored and coded in the juices created by 100 billion nerve cells around the clock (Hobson 1-2). The creative process is a difficult thing to work out but when studied one can see that it is truly enhanced and brought out in the dream state. Not only by looking at the Physiological records of brain study, but at the many examples of those who allow their creativity to be expressed. .uc63f6db8d311f5007ad6db1119808b35 , .uc63f6db8d311f5007ad6db1119808b35 .postImageUrl , .uc63f6db8d311f5007ad6db1119808b35 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc63f6db8d311f5007ad6db1119808b35 , .uc63f6db8d311f5007ad6db1119808b35:hover , .uc63f6db8d311f5007ad6db1119808b35:visited , .uc63f6db8d311f5007ad6db1119808b35:active { border:0!important; } .uc63f6db8d311f5007ad6db1119808b35 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc63f6db8d311f5007ad6db1119808b35 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc63f6db8d311f5007ad6db1119808b35:active , .uc63f6db8d311f5007ad6db1119808b35:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc63f6db8d311f5007ad6db1119808b35 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc63f6db8d311f5007ad6db1119808b35 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc63f6db8d311f5007ad6db1119808b35 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc63f6db8d311f5007ad6db1119808b35 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc63f6db8d311f5007ad6db1119808b35:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc63f6db8d311f5007ad6db1119808b35 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc63f6db8d311f5007ad6db1119808b35 .uc63f6db8d311f5007ad6db1119808b35-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc63f6db8d311f5007ad6db1119808b35:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Legalization Of Drugs Essay Creativity is enhanced whether one chooses to pay attention to it, or not. Each person has the capacity to learn much from their creative dreaming, if they would only think more creatively and openly when awake. The lesson to learn is, the most miniscule thing you must pass by each day, can often be the key to solving the impossible possibilities. Creatively dream, do not let them pass you twice. I myself have never had a dream that solved a great problem but I have had dreams that show me the way I feel towards others. I think it is true that the mind is most creative and open when dreaming because in a dream it shows me my feelings in the most creative ways. I also notice I dream about many things which I do not really take notice of throughout the day.

The Hamlets Emotional Feelings in the Shakespearean Tragedy

Concept of Learning Geometry in School

Concept of Learning Geometry in School Mathematics is a very important subject because we use it in our day to day lives. Regardless of that, many learners express it as one of the most difficult subjects and that explains why many educators have been experiencing poor performance in this subject. This could be because most learners did not have a good foundation during their initial stages.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Concept of Learning Geometry in School specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In mathematics, geometry is one of the most difficult subjects that pose many challenges to children. Children need to understand shapes, sizes, figures, and figures so as to appreciate geometry. This calls for proper foundation in geometrical concepts, both in schools and homes. Therefore, this paper will shed light on how educators can teach mathematics to children efficiently, particularly learning geometry. According to Rich and Thomas (2008), the proce ss of learning mathematics commences early enough even before the child reaches the age of going to school. But this study progresses automatically as the child gets acquainted to his or her surroundings. For instance, when you bring two toys to three children they will tell you that they are not enough and yet they do not know anything about numbers. This is because they expect each one of them to have a toy. When a child is being introduced to mathematics, the teacher should start on a gradual pace by ensuring that the child first learns the basics. For instance you can never teach children how to add numbers when you have not taught them about numbers. This means that the basic lessons should come first. Children gain knowledge through observation. Therefore, it would be important for the teacher to attract the attention of the child when he/she is demonstrating how the calculations are done. This can be achieved by asking questions at random to ensure that the children’s mind is glued to what is going on in the classroom. Moreover, asking questions helps the teacher to gauge the understanding of the learners (Clements, 2006). If the teacher feels that a particular topic in mathematics was not well understood according to the performance of children in that topic, he/she should consider repeating that topic by using different approaches. Some of the methods that enhance understanding include selecting learners who understand the topic and have them demonstrate in front of the classroom how they were able to solve the sums. The teacher should be present to make corrections where necessary. Above all, the teacher should be very patient when teaching children because their thinking capacity is still low and should consider asking questions about the things that were taught in the previous day before moving to another topic. This will help the teacher to identify the areas that need special attention.Advertising Looking for research paper on educ ation? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sarama and Clements (2006) explain that the teacher should pay special attention to all children without being limited to fast learners. Besides, when the teacher does not engage children in his/her discussions, the children’s minds are most likely to be carried by other thoughts such as how they will watch the next cartoon episode. Moreover, listening in itself is a difficult task and that is why learners doze in class. This can be avoided by asking questions and also telling stories that relate to the topic being studied. Mathematics is a very demanding subject hence the teacher should teach it when the kids are still fresh especially in the morning hours because in the afternoons the children are most likely to be exhausted. This is due to the fact that the time they spend on other subjects and as well as playing their games hence their level of concentration may decline. Most teachers think that the best way to teach children mathematics is by giving them lengthy homework. This is very wrong because they may complete the assignments and yet they do not understand the concepts involved. In mathematics, the formula is the most vital element because unless the learner understands it their can be no answer to any mathematical problem. It would be better if the child does a few sums that he/she understands than attempting a bulk of math that he/she does not understand. In such a case, the child will tackle the questions just to please the teacher and this may drive the child towards copying from peers which could continue to affect the child later in academic life. The teacher should develop a habit of identifying slow learners in the classroom and keep an eye on their progress (Deiner, 2009). Mathematics, especially geometry is best learnt through frequent exercises. This means that the child can be scheduled to solve four to five mathematical problems in a day. This goes a long way in preventing the situation where the child’s mind is congested with lots of formulas that the child can hardly remember.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Concept of Learning Geometry in School specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When children are being introduced to geometry, it is important to teach them first about the geometrical apparatus such as the divider and the protractor so that when they come across a geometrical set they know how to use every tool including the compass. In addition, the children should be taught about the various geometrical shapes such as the triangles and rectangles among many other shapes. Brumbaugh, Ortiz and Grasham (2006) state that while teaching a tough topic like geometry the teacher should integrate the parents and guardians to ensure that even after the child is out of school the parents and guardians will continue teaching the same topi c to the child indirectly. The parent can make the child understand the topic better by making them apply the geometrical skills in their plays and with the things that they interact with the most. For instance, the parent can ask the child to measure the width and length of the television set. Parents can integrate geometry into the games children play. This includes making the child ride the bicycle in circles. The child can also be asked to measure the distance covered while riding the bicycle within the home compound. Besides, the parent can ask the child to identify different shapes in the television programs the child watches. In addition, the parent can make snacks in different shapes to help the child understand the shapes better. Deiner (2009) outlines that in geometry, the child’s understanding can be enhanced by displaying the various shapes and sizes in different pleasant colors. Besides, the teacher can also ask questions to the kid and provide assistance if the child gets stuck by giving a few hints towards the answer. When the child works out a problem in the wrong way, the teacher should never give vague conclusions such as the answer was wrong or right but should rather elaborate the answer and help the child discover where he/she went wrong. This will make the child cautious about making the same mistake compared to when the teacher gives a vague remark.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Depending on the age of the child, the teacher can also employ arithmetic story books. This is in a bid to make the topic more interesting. The teacher needs to conduct assessment tests after covering a few areas of geometry. The learners who achieve the highest marks should be rewarded with small gifts like cookies. Even without tests the teacher can motivate the children by requesting them to clap their hands for those that answer questions correctly. Furthermore, children can be organized into small groups and then assigned problems to solve individually. In such case, the teacher should dig deeper into the child’s understanding by seeking to find out how the child at his answer. This is accomplished by asking the child to explain why he gave a particular answer. Both the teacher and the parent need to be friendly to the child because if they are hostile or give lecture like remarks when the child makes a mistake it may demoralize the child. The teacher can put on a warm s mile in the classroom while the parent can offer a bar of chocolate during home based learning sessions. Both educators should also use a polite tone while speaking to the child. This also includes correctly choosing the words to use. The child should be made to identify the objects in his surroundings that are in the shapes taught in geometry class. This can be items like plates, cups and beds among others. The parent should constantly remind the child about geometry by asking questions frequently such as when the child holds an item that has a geometrical shape (Garfias, 2011). During class discussions every child should be allowed to express his views because that way the children will learn something from each other. Besides, sharing their thoughts will provide a room for correction and thus build the child’s confidence while tackling such questions because he will remember what they learnt as a group. In some cases the children can be asked to write short essays about th e topic. This practice aims at displaying their level of knowledge in the topic. Harris and Turkington (2000) explain that practical exercises are also crucial in geometry because they enable children to demonstrate their skills. Such exercises can be carried out in a different location apart from the classroom such as in the play ground because they require more space for the shapes to be laid out. The teacher can issue materials like blocks and porters mud and ask the kids to make the shapes they have learnt in class. Note that in this case there are no books to refer to. In conclusion, geometry and mathematics in general should be made to look like a hobby for kids. If every child is provided with the appropriate guidance in understanding mathematics, the number of poor grades in science subjects that are reported in institutions of higher learning would diminish gradually because every learner would have changed his/her attitude. Therefore, it is the duty of teachers and parents to assist children in learning mathematics. References Brumbaugh, K.D., Ortiz, E., Gresham, G. (2006). Teaching Middle School Mathematics. New York: Routledge. Clements, D. (2006). †Ready for Geometry! From an Early Age, Children make Sense of the Shapes they see in the World around Them†. International Journal of Mathematical Education, Science and Technology. 2: 5-6. Deiner, L.P. (2009). Inclusive Childhood Education: Development, Resources and Practice. New Delhi: Cengage Learning. Garfias, L.E. (2011, March 9). †Literal Math for Little Minds†. Whatever State I Am. Web. Harris, J. Turkington, C. (2000).Get ready! For Standardized Tests: Grade 2. New York: McGraw-Hill. Rich, B. Thomas, C. (2008). Schaum’s Outline of Geometry. New York: McGraw-Hill. Sarama, J. Clements, D.H. (2006, May). †Early Math: Introducing Geometry to Young Children†. Scholastic. Retrieved from https://www.scholastic.com/teachers/home/

Composition of the Song of Deborah Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Composition of the Song of Deborah - Essay Example Ackroyd, who mainly comments on the authenticity of the historical facts, starts his essay by pointing out the differences between the prose that narrates the story in logical sequences and the poetry, that picks up only the special, particularly selected scenes, both, according to him, are not unnatural and unprecedented. He mentions Carrington's article that talks about King Alfred who as a fugitive was reprimanded by the farmer for allowing the cakes to burn in his royal preoccupations. He agrees with Carrington's argument that in medieval times there was hardly any demarking line between the fact and fiction and it is difficult to authentically agree if such a situation ever arose during King Alfred's fugitive status. Ackroyd finds the relevance of these points with the Song of Deborah and its study because poetry always picks up important points and leaves the rest. Another reason is that a period of a century lies in between the event and its poetical formation. According to Gerlaman the date is an 'unconfirmed presumption' although the poem sounds rather primitive with its tribal sketches of scenes with Jael, Sisera and Sisera's mother. The eye witness accounts might have been exaggerated or colourised. According to his visualisation of the battle, the stage was Israel in Canaan and the poetic glorification of Yahweh and over the years, accounts must have changed, diminished, improved upon, and hope for factual accounts dwindles. He feels that a more scientific historian might have tried to reconstruct the scene later dropping the unwanted elements out of it giving more coherence to certain dull points. He argues that the song should be viewed as a preserver of traditions instead of trying to make it a historical and well-authenticated document. It is not possible to derive exact history of events from this song because the writer himself was confused between the Sisera of the tradition and the captain of Jabin of Hazer's army. Still, the poem is invaluable as a document that could evidence for the days of the writer, and that means only one century this way of the real event. This view is not accepted by all. According to Globe (1974), Song of Deborah is a literary unity. "The poem has a carefully composed structure employing a significant number of recurring literary forms. No detail of the subject matter is out of place in a victory ode of the late second millennium near East" (511). Answering various contradictions about the literary context, recently Labuschagne said: "Like the poems in Exodus 15 and Deuteronomy 32, the Song of Deborah in Judges 5 is an embedded hymn. It is not an inset hymn, because there is no indication whatsoever that the poem had a previous setting from which it was transferred and inserted into its present context" and mostly the scholars are agreeable with this context now. http://www.labuschagne.nl/3.jud5.pdf The story of this fiery female judge who could prophesy, who is also hailed as the Mother of Israel, told once in prose and then in poetry in the book of judges, also tells that she was not a queen, but was equally respected and moved in the male-dominated world of arguably eighth century BC. In the patriarchal set up, this capable woman rises to tell that Israelites are not forgotten by God and guides them during an acute hour of need. Gerleman also says: "The emotional colouring, the ethos which irradiates the Song of Deborah and gives it an inner uniformity has a two-fold source, viz. the fusion of

Merger, Acquisition, and International Strategies Assignment - 1

Merger, Acquisition, and International Strategies - Assignment Example From this paper it is clear that the company served 138,417 million customers. Further, the company employs four marketing concepts in order to generate higher revenues. The company sells quality air travel services. Service is sold at popular prices. The company excellently ferries the customers from one domestic location in the United States to another domestic location on time and in styly. Furthermore, the company offers its in-flight services at reasonable prices. The reasonable prices do not necessarily equate to the lowest airline ticket prices. Reasonable prices are meant to recuperate the expenses of operating the company’s airline business. Reasonable prices allow the company to squeeze out a certain profit percentage from the daily flight schedules. Additionally, the company promotes the benefits of riding in one of the company’s huge jet planes. Promotions include offering discounts to customers to increase loyalty. This research paper declares that promotio n increases customer loyalty. One of the promotion activities is advertising the company’s services on the Internet and other media advertising venues. Likewise, the promotion includes company granting 10 percent discounts to the elderly passengers. Elderly passengers are those aged from 65 years and above. U.S. Airways. U.S. Airways has its main office in Tempe City, Arizona. The company ferries passengers from one United States location to another domestic location. The company ferries international passenger clients from domestic locations to South American destinations, the European Union member states, and different parts of the Middle Eastern territories. During 2012, U.S. Airways generated $13.83 billion revenues. With the merger of U.S. Airways and American Airlines, the new head office of the merged company will be the American Airlines head office. Further, the merger will result in stockholders of American Airlines owning estimated 70 percent of the amalgamated com pany. The U.S. Airways stockholders will own 30 percent of the combined company. The combined company will retain the name of American Airlines. In accounting parlance, when the name of the combined company retains the name of one of the companies, the joining of the companies into one bigger company is classified as a merger. According to the Edgar online website, American Airlines generated passenger revenues amounting to $4,326 million during the first three months of 2007. American Airlines earned $558 million from the regional affiliate revenues during the same year. The company further generated additional $201 million cargo revenue during the same accounting year. Revenues include cash inflows from other revenue sources amounting to $317 million. Further, the merger is a beneficial strategy.  

Urban legends Essay Example for Free

Urban legends Essay According to Tom Harris, urban legends are modern fictional stories or myths passed from person to person and frequently have the elements of caution, horror or humor. Most of the urban legends are always false though some have proven true. They are mostly always inspired by a true story but tend to change in the course of transmission from one person to another. Moreover, it is hard to follow back an urban legend to its source, this is because it seems to come from everywhere with slight variation each time. James M. Henslin, on the other hand describes an urban legend as â€Å"a deliciously entertaining tale† the truth of which is unverifiable. Thematically, they are characterized by some elements of horror, warning embarrassment, humor, appeal to empathy and morality. Their unexpected twists though always weird, are sometimes so reasonable enough to be taken as the truth. One example of an urban legend is that is exemplified by Harris is called the Vegas organ harvesters†. In this legend, it is reported that a man meets a woman in an Vegas pub and have a drink together, the observer apparently relates how the two hit it off but at one time the man passes out. The story adds that the man later wakes up to find himself in a bathtub covered in ice. There is a phone near him and a note telling him to â€Å"call 911 or you will dies. † When he is taken to hospital, he the doctor tell him that he had a major surgery and one of his kidneys had been taken. This story, though not true has the basic elements of an urban legend. First it has an element of horror in it; the man realizing that his kidney has been harvested. It also encompasses an element of caution. Vegas being among the most widely visited places on earth; the caution is to avoid meeting people you do not know so well. Of the two authors, Thomas Harris is clearer and I agree with him in most of his dissection of urban legends. His simple examples and method of following back a legend to its most probable source is interesting. In my own perspective, urban legends are beneficial in some ways. One is that by cautioning people on what to do and what not to do, they make people careful about what they do. Moreover they also entertain. References Henslin, James M. Sociology: A Down-to-earth Approach. Allyn and Bacon, 1993 Harris, Thomas E. Applied Organizational Communication: Perspectives, Principles, and Pragmatics. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1993.

INDOPCO :: essays research papers

The INDOPCO case in 1992 provided some guidelines concerning capitalization for the taxpayer. In the case, the Supreme Court ruled that expenses directly incurred in reorganizing or restructuring a corporate entity for the benefit of future operations are not deductible. The court also held that investment banker fees, legal fees, proxy costs, and SEC fees incurred by a target corporation in a friendly takeover must be capitalized if the takeover produces significant future benefits. The taxpayer would rather expense the costs as this would give them a deduction on their taxes. Capitalizing these costs also increases their income, increasing the amount of taxes they have to pay. Thus, the IRS encourages capitalizing costs whenever there is a question as to what method to use. Originally the taxpayer had more of an advantage because the ruling was left open to much interpretation and the IRS was rather lenient concerning the future benefits. The Supreme Court just said that determining future benefits is undeniably important in determining whether a future expense should be capitalized. There have now been rulings where the IRS has become more aggressive in dealing with future benefits. The IRS realizes that companies will expense anything they can to reduce their tax burden. Even costs that would be incurred while investigating the expansion of a company’s existing business should be expensed if they are connected to an event that produced a significant long-term benefit. The only way they can be expensed is if the acquisition proves to be an unsuccessful one. The INDOPCO ruling also leaves open the question as to what directly incurred means. Companies were left to decide whether to capitalize a cost that was incurred to secure a benefit that extended beyond the current year, even though the transaction was not one in which a specific, identifiable asset was acquired. If it was determined the cost provided a significant long term benefit, the cost was a capital cost, and if not the cost was a period expense. Now, with the additional rulings, the IRS is the ones â€Å"dancing in the street†, because companies are forced to capitalize more costs, bringing in more revenues for the government. I think the decision was a good one in the sense that there needed to be some clarification as to what costs should be capitalized and which ones need to be expensed.

Cybersecurity for Critical Infrastructure Protection Essay

Cybersecurity entails safeguarding of computer networks and the information that it carries from unauthorized access and malicious disruption or damage. This is because the use of networks has become common in businesses and government activities, and any tampering can cause serious consequences for the affected bodies. A question is what degree do the security bridge has to critical infrastructure. Analyses of unconventional and asymmetric attacks assume that potential opponents would use cyber weapons. Such opponents could employ the use of conventional nation state and â€Å"non-state actors† opponents. Initially, cyber weapons were considered better because of their asymmetric attacks because of the low cost, which results in damaging most vulnerable parts that are found in most of the computer networks – may be disastrous as kinetic or blast weapon. â€Å"Digital Pearl Harbor† a term that appeared in mid-1990s, when internet was commercialized and frequently used came to birth. The scenario in this picture is that the world would plunge into disaster due to the introduction of hackers. Some of the results that were predicted to be associated with the Digital Pearl Harbor include open floodgates, blackness, poison water supply and planes crashing. However, there is no cyber attack that has produced such disastrous results. Such talk arose due to lack of technological understanding, how software’s operate, and the operation of other complex system. To determine the extent of risk that is posed by computer networks and its vulnerabilities, it requires an estimation of probability that will damage critical infrastructure in certain ways that will affect the national interest. Hence, it means that there should be sequential or simultaneous events that must occur for a digital attack in the cyberspace to have physical effect. Computer networks are usually the vulnerable part, and not the critical infrastructure that these networks accommodate or support. Infrastructures are strong and resilient and are capable of absorbing damages that are associated to terrorism, natural disasters and climates. This means that the issue of cybersecurity in the field of terrorism is usually overestimated. By saying so, it does not mean that planning of critical infrastructure protection should not be in place. In planning for the measures that should be include in planning in the CIP, first as the computer networks increase, their vulnerabilities also increases. Secondly, another method that can be employed by the attackers is attacking the storage parts of the networks instead of the networks itself. The networks are penetrated, collect-required information and monitor changes without creating any suspicion and when they are suspected, the databases and networks that support important activities are disrupted. Political Context for Cyber security and CIP In the end of 1990s, cybersecurity policies were dominant and there were frequent discussions on the issue of critical infrastructure protection. Nevertheless, currently there is a minimal understanding by the Federal that the initial issues that were associated with the use of internet and network connectivity were overemphasized. This overemphasis was due to several factors that range from the introduction of Internet to the Y2K (Philemon 2005, pp. 70). Y2K was associated for previous programming errors which IT experts believed that world would plunge into chaos at the mid night of the New Year, thus brought most attention to the world of cyber security. American government as been associated with risk-averse policies since the 1970s. This is because there is a loss in terms of confidence of governing elites, decrease in public trust and a punitive and partisan political environment. Hence introduces plans, policies, and various strategies for critical infrastructure protection. This political change brings in better understanding of cybersecurity and critical infrastructure protection. Hence, planning for critical infrastructure protection requires an assessment of risks that are capable of damaging attack. An individual who is risk aversive may estimate the probability of damage attack to be higher when compared to a neutral individual (Davis 2003, pp. 33). Assessing Risks In determination of the significance of cybersecurity for critical infrastructure protection, it must begin with estimating the risk. This method so far has proved difficult to incorporate. The better method is neutrally analyzing previous attacks and gain better ways of knowing it causes and consequences that were associated. This will enable the estimation of likelihood that a potential attacker will concentrate on a particular target. In addition, it is able to predict the type of weapons that will be used. This involves understanding the motive of the attacker, strategic role, capabilities, preferences, goals and experience. This will weigh the capabilities and goals of the attacker against potential infrastructure vulnerabilities (Davis 2003, pp. 33 – 34). The definition of risk is how much of threats that a society or government could withstand and relies on the importance of the security. Homeland Security policy states that it is difficult to eliminate all risks, but requires priorities that will reduce the amount of risks that are associated with cybersecurity. Risks that are associated to cybersecurity can be grouped into three parts: risks that can cause injuries or death, affects the economy or reduce the capability of military. So far, there are no issues or threats that are associated with the different groups (Keith 2005, pp. 66). Critical Infrastructures and Computer Networks United States has a long list that identifies critical sectors and includes agriculture, health systems, banking and fiance, IT and telecommunication, energy, industries, and transportation. To the Federal government the issue of cybersecurity is not serious to them. An infrastructure is said to be critical since it is able to meet some standards of national interest. To meet these different standards, there is usually an implicit assumption that disruption of the infrastructure would reduce flow of services and goods creating hardship resulting to impeding of government economic operations. To understand the relation between cybersecurity contributions to the critical infrastructure protection, two additional concepts of location and time can be introduced (Keith 2005, pp. 66). Location and time helps in understanding that cybersecurity is not a concern to critical infrastructure. Those issues that takes time to show problems, usually gives time for the affected organization to identify solutions and organize and in marshaling resources to respond to the issue, hence, does not present a crisis. The capability of industries to respond to the problems through innovation and creating alternative technologies or solutions means that those infrastructures that had disruption and did not posses immediate danger, results in minimal effect to the economic, national security and life in general. National infrastructures are geographical distributed which means that they are not critical in nature. This means that larger infrastructure provides critical supports to key governmental functions and economic, and not the entire industries or networks. This means that there are few networks that are national in nature and at the same time are usually mutually dependent. Networks that are associated with telecommunications, finance and electrical power are most critical because of its interconnectedness, economic health and national scope. An example is the Fed wire that supports banking, if it is attached it may cripple the banking sector form sometime, but the Federal Reserve have developed means to harden the Fed Wire. Internet as a Critical Infrastructure With the help of cyber weapons, the Internet can to some point be attacked. However, the Internet is a shared network that if attacked will affected both the target and the attacker. An attacker can calculate that the US economy may be most affected and the attacker may use back ups of some sort, giving it a temporary advantage. Internet is robust and is able to operate even if the Soviet Union and United States exchange nuclear weapons. Its architecture and design enables it to survive and withstand all these problems. With packet switching, the Internet can redirect the messages and at the end of the day arrives or are directed to the required port. The capacities of the internet to operate is due to the addressing system which is multilayered, decentralized and has the possibility of operating even if it means it will take days to update the routing table. The core protocols that are employed by the internet are vulnerable to attack. An example is the Border Gateway Protocol –BGP that is responsible for routing traffic, has been tested and it is vulnerable to attacks but the attacker has to face the redundancy, which is associated with thousand of subsidiary networks in the Internet (Davis 2003 pp. 33 – 34). So far, there is only one case that has between witnessed, in 2002 there was an attack to the Distributed Denial of Service of eight out of the 13 important root servers, which govern the addresses of the Internet. The attack did not cause a lot disruption but it is believed that if it could have taken a longer time it would have degenerated the Internet. Since the 2002 incident the DNS system has been strengthened through dispersing the root servers to different places, using new software’s and employing routing techniques. Hence, the new redundancy that has been employed has drastically reduced the issue of shutting down the DNS. In addition, the complexity that is associated with estimating the actual cost makes planning for critical infrastructure protection difficult. Most estimates that are associated with cybersecurity are exaggerated or overestimated. To obtain the amount of damages that are caused by cybersecurity, a sample is estimated and then it is extrapolated to the affected population. Analysis of the impacts and effects of cybersecurity estimates should be analyzed by statistical analyses and economic losses should not be received in face value. Importance of the cybersecurity in protecting critical infrastructures other than electrical power, telecommunications or finance, rests on the believe that the critical infrastructures are dependent on the computer networks for them to be able to operate. In such perspective the computer network specifically are vulnerable but the infrastructure that they support are not vulnerable (Philemon 2005, pp. 70 – 75). An example of a distractive cyber attack was the Slammer worm. It effects affected automated teller machines (ATM) across the northwest making 13000 to be out of service. Many analysts belief that the Slammer was a damaging cyber attack, but in national perspective, it had small impact since other parts of the country operated normally. Furthermore, the Slammer Worm only affected one bank and its ATM services. In this case, the customers of the bank suffered some inconveniences; the bank lost revenue and spoilt their reputation giving an advantage to the cybersecurity conscious competitors. Potential opponents in terms of nation-states may employ the use of cyberspace. When they gathering intelligence information will prompt them to attack and penetrate the U. S. computer networks. When a conflict occurs between different states, information, skills and access to crucial infrastructure will be used to disrupt important information system. Risks that are associated with espionage and cyber crime are real for firms, agencies and individuals. References Davis, J. (2003). Information Technology Security Threats, New York: Barron’s Educational Series, pp. 30 – 34 Keith, J. (2005), Plans and Developments in Computer Networking, New Haven: Yale University Press, pp. 66 Macklin, M. (2007), Computer networking Implementation and Security, Jakarta: Cambridge University Press, pp. 45 – 49 Peter, K. (2001). Cyber Security and CIP, Australia: Fontana Books, pp. 120 – 121 Philemon, M. (2005), Development of Computer Systems and Terrorism Threats, Stanford: Stanford University Press, pp. 70 – 75 Rachael, L. (2003), Critical Infrastructure Protection, New York: New York Publishers, pp. 13 16 Richard, Z. (2005), Management and Information Technology, London: Oxford University Press, pp. 60 – 61

Technology Is A Tool For Aid For Learning And Education

I would like to make one point very clear in the beginning and that is; technology is a tool to aid in learning and education. There is a realization that the current educational system is falling behind in the modern world. With today’s technology-driven and interconnected world, a learning environment can be online, remote, virtual; in other words, it doesn’t really have to be a place at all. Maybe a better way of thinking is that, a 21st century learning environment is a support system in which humans learn best. Since we can’t predict how technologies and education will evolve, the environment must be flexible. So, are we ready for this technology and will using technology improve education as we know it? It seems if I would have to†¦show more content†¦What is being taught, the students motivation and their general well being can all be part of a learning environment. How teachers interact with students and students interact with each another may be considered a learning environment. The learning environment has typically focused on spaces and places. A quality learning environment is seen as rooms with large LCD monitors and Ethernet but, this may not be a 21st century learning environment at all. There are endless possibilities for a learning environment; this is the one thing that made teaching so much fun and interesting to say the least. An effective learning environment has no limits it’s a support system that we learn in, the best. It can be uniquely designed for each student’s learning needs. Learning environments today need to embrace a variety of ideas, places and even people. There needs to be flexibility of people, spaces, time and technology. Students maybe tackling community problems through internships or service work, using social networking tools to gather and share data with their peers, acquiring meaningful knowledge and taking responsibility for their learning. This all creates an atmosphere for learning. Technology can be the seamless support system that blends physical and digital learning. On-line course work, community service, internships are all exciting new tools that allow a student to turn any environment into

The Death Penalty Is Not Accepted Essay - 1173 Words

Out of all Americans, â€Å"more than 60% of them support the death penalty† (Harden 1). Many people in the United States support this decision because they feel like justice needs to be rightfully served to those who committed unforgivable crimes. In some cases, this may seem inhumane but in other cases, it is what is best for the community for the people. The death penalty has been around for many years and it is still a debatable topic for some individuals. The death penalty was created to help, not harm; however, this can be discussed by a broad spectrum of people and it can be easy to see both sides of why it should or should not be around in this day and age. The death penalty is not accepted in every state; however, many should be informed on where it originated and how long it has been around, why it is used, and what people can do to only improve the system. Some cases say that the death penalty has been around for many years, which is true but what most people do no t know, is that the British is the influence for it all. Britain influenced America s use of the death penalty more than any other country; because when European settlers came to the new world, they brought the practice of capital punishment (Randa 1). Ever since the Britain’s had a huge role in creating the execution method, it has only grown over the past centuries. The death penalty is still used to this day and it has become more effective. For a while the execution method died out, until the lateShow MoreRelated death penalty Essay1215 Words   |  5 Pages Death penalty Is it violation of human rights? Mohammad Towhidul Islam Though the modern world is very sympathetic to the concept of human rights issues, death penalty as a form of capital punishment has still been in practice in the world. During 2001, at least 3048 people were executed in 31 countries as well as at least 5265 people were sentenced to death in 68 countries. It is very interesting to see that some advanced countries, which are pioneer to the protection and promotionRead MoreDeath And Justice : How Capital Punishment Affirms Life854 Words   |  4 Pagesfriends of the people who lost their lives in the attacks on 9/11. This idea, that the death of a murderer brings peace to the victim’s family and friends, was not only accepted but trusted that day. This idea isn’t always accepted when a murderer is sentenced to the death penalty in a court of law in the United States. In â€Å"Death and Justice: How Capital Punishment Affirms Life†, Mayor Ed Koch argues that the death penalty strengthens the value of human life thr ough focus on the importance of justice asRead MoreDeath Penalty Argumentative Essay1424 Words   |  6 PagesThe death penalty, or capital punishment, is the execution of an offender that is sentenced to death by a court of law for a criminal offense.   This type of punishment for inmates is involved in controversy over whether or not it is an acceptable form of punishment for criminals and also whether or not it is immoral.   There are many arguments for both sides of the debate, each making valid points and pointing out the flaws of the opposing position. Many religions are either for or against capitalRead MorePaula Rodriguez Jimenez. Sociology 207. Professor James1353 Words   |  6 PagesPaula Rodriguez Jimenez Sociology 207 Professor James Clift February 23, 2017 Death Penalty Historically, the death sentence was often handled with torture, and executions, except that it was done in public. In this century, the death penalty, execution or capital punishment, whatever you’d like to refer it as, is the result for committing capital crimes or capital offences and it is not in public. The death penalty has been practiced by most societies in the past, as a punishment for criminalsRead MoreRacism And Racism Essay718 Words   |  3 PagesThe death penalty discriminates and marginalizes minorities and the poor in our society. Legal systems are unfair therefore the death penalty is imposed unfairly since equals are not treated equally. The richest man alive is not treated the same as a homeless individual on the streets of downtown Toronto. There are many flaws in the justice system mostly because it is made up of individuals and as individuals we are prone to making mistakes. Witnesses, prosecutors and jurors can create the smallestRead MoreThe Classic al Conception Of Lex Talionis957 Words   |  4 Pagesfor a tooth,† which is a concept commonly associated with retributive justice. Although Jeffrey Reiman does not believe in using the death penalty as punishment for murder, he does support for it under certain distinct circumstances. In this case, responding to murder with death would demonstrate the idea of lex taliones. Reiman explains that the death penalty constitutes just punishment for some murders because murder is defined as â€Å"the killing of a legally innocent person by a nonauthorized individual†Read MoreEssay on The Bible and Capital Punishment1432 Words   |  6 PagesThe Bible and Capital Punishment What Does Christianity Tell Us To Do In Case Of Extreme Crime?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Capital Punishment, commonly known as the death penalty, is one of the most controversial problems of our society today. There are many stands you can take with it: yes; no; maybe; only in this situation; only if this doesn’t happen. Even the Bible is undecided about what to do with people who commit such horrendous crimes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Bible first mentions what to do in case of extreme crime inRead MoreEssay on Capital Punishment Should Remain Legal1253 Words   |  6 Pagescriminals. I will demonstrate this by showing how the logic behind not having the death penalty is invalid. I will also present examples that will defend my argument. I will then present counterarguments and their implications. The death penalty in the United States is a contested subject, and even recently it has been voted to be unconstitutional by some states. Currently there are many states that still have the death penalty, though many have not executed anyone in recent years. Outside of the UnitedRead MoreEssay On Recycling Of Death Penalty799 Words   |  4 PagesRecycling of Death Penalty Criminal punishment has revolutionized over the years. In today’s 21st century crimes have expanded to another level from the years before. Today’s crimes range from different punishment, from getting a ticket to being in jail for two months, to getting 10 years in prison to a capital punishment. In this paper, I will disclosing the current death penalty, then I will share my views how death penalty should be handler, then I will introduce other opinion on death penalty. DeathRead MoreShould The Death Penalty Be Abolished?. The Death Penalty982 Words   |  4 PagesShould the death penalty be abolished? The death penalty is a â€Å"term that applies to capital punishment and is the worst penalty given for committing a murder or an atrocious assault.† (Black s Law Dictionary). Death penalty has been a part of human society and is legally approved for centuries. The first established death penalty laws date as far back as the Eighteenth Century B.C. in the Code of King Hammaurabi of Babylon, which codified the death penalty for 25 different crimes. Death sentences

The Incas and the Aztecs Essay - 874 Words

The Incas and the Aztecs Before the Spanish and Portuguese discovered the New World, there were many groups of people already living in South and Central America. Two of these groups were the Incas and the Aztecs. The Incas lived mainly in Peru, and the Aztecs lived mainly in what is today Mexico City. Although these two groups probably never came on contact with one another, they had many similar traits. This is probably partly because of the influences on them by traveling tribes. It is more likely that the similarities of the tribes are based on the similar conditions they lived with and the problems they faced.†¦show more content†¦In the sacrificial ceremonies they would sacrifice either people or animals. Some other occasions for a sacrificial ceremony were deliverance from draught, plague, earthquakes, or defeat in war[1]. In these religious ceremonies, they used beautiful statues and jewelry, usually made of gold. These pieces were crafted by the artisans, who were in the sixth social class, yet had a very important job. The Incas knew their respective jobs, and they loved working. There were many holidays to show reverence to the gods when the people wouldnt have to work; yet many of them chose to work anyway. The Incas kept records on quipus, colored strings with knots tied in them. Only specially trained people could decode them, so no records of the Incas are known. The largest social class of the Incas was the laborers. They were at the bottom of the totem pole, but they were the most important. The Incas are known for their superb architecture, bridges, roads and aqueducts, some of which still stand today. The architectural laborers were just as skilled as the quipu-decoders, just in a different way. They could carve slabs so well that nothing was used to join them when making a building. They were so intricate that they fit together perfectly, and this w as hard at the time because of theShow MoreRelatedThe Aztec And Inca1616 Words   |  7 PagesSince class was determined based on ethnicity, social stability was directly correlated with racial diversity. Spanish conquest of the Aztec and Inca brought a new regime to America. The Aztec and Inca were considered the two most powerful and influential empires in Mesoamerica and South America. However, after Cortez conquered the Aztec and Pissarro defeated the Inca, the Spanish became the rulers of the newly acquired land and continued to expand their control. Spaniards in America adopted the socialRead MoreAztec, Inca And Aztec Civilizations1134 Words   |  5 Pagesof Mexico. The Mayan, Incan and Aztec civilizations were a few of the greatest ancient civilizations in history, but they each had distinct characteristics that helped them prosper into the great empires that they became. 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The Athenians and Incas were both more interested in developing their Arts as well as their military, but both the Spartans and the Aztecs were highly interested more so in warfare than religion. Although the Aztec and Inca never had to face each other, it is interesting to compare them because of their dominant positions of extremely large and powerfulRead MoreThe Aztec And Inca Empires990 Words   |  4 Pagesactions, for the Spanish onto the Aztec it was ridding the world of heretics worshiping Gods of blood. The Aztec and Inca Empires fell with relative ease to the Spaniards due to a variety of contributing factors. Hesitate action from leadership may have played a role at least for the Aztecs as according to Hernan Cortez; Moctezuma believed that he possibly was a God. Superior weaponry such as steel based weapons/armor played a significant role, as bo th the Inca and Aztec empires still relied on weaponsRead MoreThe Aztecs And The Incas1135 Words   |  5 Pagesand millions of other stars! This is what the Aztecs and the Mayas saw every night. Both the Aztec and the Maya were a powerful and advanced civilization that were created separately from the Western European civilizations and did an amazing job doing so. Just like many other Ancient Civilizations the night sky plays a significant role in their society. Astronomy, Religion, culture and architecture are all aligned the stars. Both the Aztecs and the Maya originated in what is now the southernRead MoreAztecs And Incas : Similarities And Differences1422 Words   |  6 PagesThe Aztecs and Incas: Similarities and Differences The Aztecs were warrior people who lived in the Valley of Mexico, with the capital at Tenochtitlan, during the 1400s. 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Ib Myp One World Essay Help Sheet free essay sample

Then evaluate all the (insert second one world factor) benefits and limitations. Word Count should be between 700 to 1200 words in length. Definitions State is defined as â€Å"to give a specific name, value or other brief answer without explanation or calculation. † Describe is defined as â€Å"to give a detailed account† Explain is defined as â€Å"to give a clear account including causes and reasons or mechanisms. † Discuss is defined as â€Å"to give an account including, where possible, a range of arguments for and against, the relative importance of various factors and comparisons of alternative hypotheses. Evaluate: is defined as â€Å"to assess the implications and limitations†; making an informed judgement or assessment For Level 5-6, you should be looking to Explain. Discuss and Evaluate Conclusion: †¢Very briefly summarise the main ideas of the essay and the main issue. †¢End with a recommendation/evaluation based on your argument. YO UR THESIS STATEMENT What is the point of your essay? How do you think this application of science addresses the problem in relation to one world factors? Your essay must have a focus or it will just be a succession of facts and information. After researching (and reviewing) the benefits and limitations, choose a position on the following spectrum. 1. Worst2. Bad, not too bad. 3. On the fence4. Good, not completely good. 5. Best possible (The scientific ideas or processes) offer no advantages to the world at all. There are only drawbacks. Although there are some advantages of (the scientific ideas of processes), the limitations are more significant than the advantages. The advantages and limitations of (the scientific ideas or processes) are equally balanced. Although the (scientific idea or processes) have some limitations, there are more significant advantages. There are only advantages to the (scientific ideas or processes) no limitations or drawbacks. NB: It is very difficult to get a 5 or 6 grade if you choose thesis statement 1 or 5. Also, stating that everything has positive and negatives so we have to accept it, is not a fair conclusion. You have looked at the evidence (benefits and limitations), give your informed judgement/evaluation on the issue. Referencing Reference Government/ UN/Non government organization (NGO’s) reports and newspaper articles and scientific journal for key statistics, tables, graphs and diagrams, Remember to refer to all inserts (diagrams/graphs/tables) in our text. Eg. As Fig1 illustrates the USA produced the highest volume (insert number) of carbon dioxide emissions in 2006. Use of Websites Try to find the references the website uses eg. Every Wikipedia article has a list of references at the bottom. Check and use the original reference APA format:Name of organization. (year). Title. Retrieved from U RL Last name, initials. (year). Title. Retrieved from URL See APA referencing guide for detailed information on how to reference correctly. GUIDANCE FOR WRITING ABOUT ONE WORLD FACTORS Think about these definitions/questions when you evaluate the benefits and limitations of this application of science in regards to one world factors. ECONOMIC is defined as â€Å"pertaining to the production, distribution, and use of income, wealth, and commodities. † †¢The costs and benefits of using science. Who pays or receives the benefit? Is it worth it? How much will it cost? Are the potential benefits worth the cost? Who pays for it, private companies, the Government, consumers? (Obesity will cost governments millions but so does changing people’s eating habits and diet- is it worth attempting to deal with it? ) SOCIAL is defined as â€Å"of or pertaining to the life, welfare, and relations of human beings in a community. † †¢The people affected or involved, from a few people up to the global community. How will this application of science affect society, will it affect everyone or a select group? Will it unfairly affect one group of society over another? Will everyone have access to the science/solution or only the privileged (An oil refinery is a local problem but global warming is truly global) ETHICAL is defined as â€Å"pertaining to or dealing with morals or the principles of morality; pertaining to right and wrong in conduct. †¢Is it right or wrong to use science in this way and if we do, how ought we to do it? (Aborting foetuses is something we have to do in a caring way even if we think it is right or wrong. Who decides whether it is right or wrong, the Government, religious groups, individuals? There are ways of doing things and often a law to guide us animal tes ting is highly policed). POLITICAL is defined as â€Å"of, pertaining to, or involving the state or its government. † †¢Is the government involved directly or are powerful groups trying to influence people or the government or the UN etc? Notice how much diet advice is given in books by non-experts. Why would the Government be for or against this the application of this science and how would it affect other countries? ENVIRONMENTAL is defined as â€Å"of, relating to, or associated with the environment. † †¢Is the issue an environmental one in some way, directly or indirectly? (Pollution is direct but what about binge-drinking? ) CULTURAL is defined as â€Å"of, relating to, or associated with the behaviors and beliefs characteristic of a particular social, ethnic, or age group. †¢A problem in one place is seen differently in another for reasons such as faith, tradition and different belief values. (Asians tolerate bugs, Nepalese dogs because of their faith, Europeans see even one cockroach as a health threat, Catholics are against abortion, others ban TV and medical treatment, Muslims are against plastic surgery, Chinese medicine uses rare, threatened animal parts). How will this application of scie nce affect different communities of people which live in a multicultural society?

Dropping Of The Atomic Bomb Essay Example For Students

Dropping Of The Atomic Bomb Essay Word Count: 5516The information contained in this file is strictly for academic use alone. Outlaw Labs will bear no responsibility for any use otherwise. It would be wise to note that the personnel who design and construct these devices are skilled physicists and are more knowledgeable in these matters than any layperson can ever hope to be Should a layperson attempt to build a device such as this, chances are s/he would probably kill his/herself not by a nuclear detonation, but rather through radiation exposure. We here at Outlaw Labs do not recommend using this file beyond the realm of casual or academic curiosity. ============================================================================ -+ Table of Contents +- I. The History of the A). Development (The Manhattan Project) B). Detonation 1). Hiroshima 2). Nagasaki 3). Byproducts of atomic detonations 4). Blast Zones II. Nuclear Fission/Nuclear Fusion A). Fission (A-Bomb) Fusion (H-Bomb) B). U-235, U-238 and Plutonium III. The Mechanism of The Bomb - A). Altimeter B). Air Pressure Detonator C). Detonating Head(s) D). Explosive Charge(s) E). Neutron Deflector F). Uranium Plutonium G). Lead Shield H). Fuses IV. The Diagram of The Bomb A). The Uranium Bomb B). The Plutonium Bomb ============================================================================ File courtesy of Outlaw Labs I. The History of the Atomic Bomb On August 2nd 1939, just before the beginning of World War II, Albert Einstein wrote to then President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Einstein and several other scientists told Roosevelt of efforts in Nazi Germany to purify U-235 with which might in turn be used to build an atomic bomb. It was shortly thereafter that the United States Government began the serious undertaking known only then as the Manhattan Project. Simply put, the Manhattan Project was committed to expedient research and production that would produce a viable atomic bomb. The most complicated issue to be addressed was the production of ample amounts of `enriched uranium to sustain a chain reaction. At the time, Uranium-235 was very hard to extract. In fact, the ratio of conversion from Uranium ore to Uranium metal is 500:1. An additional drawback is that the 1 part of Uranium that is finally refined from the ore consists of over 99% Uranium-238, which is practically useless for an atomic bomb. To make it even more difficult, U-235 and U-238 are precisely similar in their chemical makeup. This proved to be as much of a challenge as separating a solution of sucrose from a solution of glucose. No ordinary chemical extraction could separate the two isotopes. Only mechanical methods could effectively separate U-235 from U-238. Several scientists at Columbia University managed to solve this dilemma. A massive enrichment laboratory/plant was constructed at Oak Ridge, Tennessee. H. C. Urey, along with his associates and colleagues at Columbia University, devised a system that worked on the principle of gaseous diffusion. Following this process, Ernest O. Lawrence (inventor of the Cyclotron) at the University of California in Berkeley implemented a process involving magnetic separation of the two isotopes. Following the first two processes, a gas centrifuge was used to further separate the lighter U-235 from the heavier non-fissionable U-238 by their mass. Once all of these procedures had been completed, all that needed to be done was to put to the test the entire concept behind atomic fission. For more information on these procedures of refining Uranium, see Section 3. Over the course of six years, ranging from 1939 to 1945, more than 2 billion dollars were spent on the Manhattan Project. The formulas for refining Uranium and putting together a working bomb were created and seen to their logical ends by some of the greatest minds of our time. Among these people who unleashed the power of the atomic bomb was J. Robert Oppenheimer. Oppenheimer was the major force behind the Manhattan Project. He literally ran the show and saw to it that all of the great minds working on this project made their brainstorms work. He oversaw the entire project from its conception to its completion. Finally the day came when all at Los Alamos would find out whether or not The Gadget (code-named as such during its development) was either going to be the colossal dud of the century or perhaps end the war. It all came down to a fateful morning of midsummer, 1945. At 5:29:45 (Mountain War Time) on July 16th, 1945, in a white blaze that stretched from the basin of the Jemez Mountains in northern New Mexico to the still-dark skies, The Gadget ushered in the Atomic Age. The light of the explosion then turned orange as the atomic fireball began shooting upwards at 360 feet per second, reddening and pulsing as it cooled. The characteristic mushroom cloud of radioactive vapor materialized at 30,000 feet. Beneath the cloud, all that remained of the soil at the blast site were fragments of jade green radioactive glass. All of this caused by the heat of the reaction. The brilliant light from the detonation pierced the early morning skies with such intensity that residents from a faraway neighboring community would swear that the sun came up twice that day. Even more astonishing is that a blind girl saw the flash 120 miles away. Upon witnessing the explosion, reactions among the people who created it were mixed. Isidor Rabi felt that the equilibrium in nature had been upset as if humankind had become a threat to the world it inhabited. J. Robert Oppenheimer, though ecstatic about the success of the project, quoted a remembered fragment from Bhagavad Gita. I am become Death, he said, the destroyer of worlds. Ken Bainbridge, the test director, told Oppenheimer, Now were all sons of bitches. Several participants, shortly after viewing the results, signed petitions against loosing the monster they had created, but their protests fell on deaf ears. As it later turned out, the Jornada del Muerto of New Mexico was not the last site on planet Earth to experience an atomic explosion. As many know, atomic bombs have been used only twice in warfare. The first and foremost blast site of the atomic bomb is Hiroshima. A Uranium bomb (which weighed in at over 4 1/2 tons) nicknamed Little Boy was dropped on Hiroshima August 6th, 1945. The Aioi Bridge, one of 81 bridges connecting the seven-branched delta of the Ota River, was the aiming point of the bomb. Ground Zero was set at 1,980 feet. At 0815 hours, the bomb was dropped from the Enola Gay. It missed by only 800 feet. At 0816 hours, in the flash of an instant, 66,000 people were killed and 69,000 people were injured by a 10 kiloton atomic explosion. The point of total vaporization from the blast measured one half of a mile in diameter. Total destruction ranged at one mile in diameter. Severe blast damage carried as far as two miles in diameter. At two and a half miles, everything flammable in the area burned. The remaining area of the blast zone was riddled with serious blazes that stretched out to the final edge at a little over three miles in diameter. See diagram below for blast ranges from the atomic blast. On August 9th 1945, Nagasaki fell to the same treatment as Hiroshima. Only this time, a Plutonium bomb nicknamed Fat Man was dropped on the city. Even though the Fat Man missed by over a mile and a half, it still leveled nearly half the city. Nagasakis population dropped in one split-second from 422,000 to 383,000. 39,000 were killed, over 25,000 were injured. That blast was less than 10 kilotons as well. Estimates from physicists who have studied each atomic explosion state that the bombs that were used had utilized only 1/10th of 1 percent of their respective explosive capabilities. While the mere explosion from an atomic bomb is deadly enough, its destructive ability doesnt stop there. Atomic fallout creates another hazard as well. The rain that follows any atomic detonation is laden with radioactive particles. Many survivors of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki blasts succumbed to radiation poisoning due to this occurance. The atomic detonation also has the hidden lethal surprise of affecting the future generations of those who live through it. Leukemia is among the greatest of afflictions that are passed on to the offspring of survivors. While the main purpose behind the atomic bomb is obvious, there are many by-products that have been brought into consideration in the use of all weapons atomic. With one small atomic bomb, a massive areas communications, travel and machinery will grind to a dead halt due to the EMP (Electro- Magnetic Pulse) that is radiated from a high-altitude atomic detonation. These high-level detonations are hardly lethal, yet they deliver a serious enough EMP to scramble any and all things electronic ranging from copper wires all the way up to a computers CPU within a 50 mile radius. At one time, during the early days of The Atomic Age, it was a popular notion that one day atomic bombs would one day be used in mining operations and perhaps aid in the construction of another Panama Canal. Needless to say, it never came about. Instead, the military applications of atomic destruction increased. Atomic tests off of the Bikini Atoll and several other sites were common up until the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty was introduced. Photos of nuclear test sites here in the United States can be obtained through the Freedom of Information Act. ============================================================================ Breakdown of the Atomic Bombs Blast Zones - . . . . . . . . 5 4 5 . . . . . . . . . . 3 _ 3 . . . 2 . . . _._ . . .~ ~. . . . 4 . .2. 1 .2. . 4 . . . . . . . ~-.-~ . . . 2 . . . 3 3 . . . . . . ~ ~ . ~ 5 . 4 . 5 . . . . . . ============================================================================ Diagram Outline 1 Vaporization Point Everything is vaporized by the atomic blast. 98% fatalities. Overpress=25 psi. Wind velocity=320 mph. Krik Krak Essay A simple piece of very thin magnetized metal can be used as an air pressure detonator. All that is needed is for the strip of metal to have a bubble of extremely thin metal forged in the center and have it placed directly underneath the electrical contact which will trigger the conventional explosive detonation. Before setting the strip in place, push the bubble in so that it will be inverted. Once the air pressure has achieved the desired level, the magnetic bubble will snap back into its original position and strike the contact, thus completing the circuit and setting off the explosive(s). Detonating Head The detonating head (or heads, depending on whether a Uranium or Plutonium bomb is being used as a model) that is seated in the conventional explosive charge(s) is similar to the standard-issue blasting cap. It merely serves as a catalyst to bring about a greater explosion. Calibration of this device is essential. Too small of a detonating head will only cause a colossal dud that will be doubly dangerous since someones got to disarm and re-fit the bomb with another detonating head. (an added measure of discomfort comes from the knowledge that the conventional explosive may have detonated with insufficient force to weld the radioactive metals. This will cause a supercritical mass that could go off at any time.) The detonating head will receive an electric charge from the either the air pressure detonator or the radar altimeters coordinating detonator, depending on what type of system is used. The Du Pont company makes rather excellent blasting caps that can be easily modified to suit the required specifications. Conventional Explosive Charge(s) This explosive is used to introduce (and weld) the lesser amount of Uranium to the greater amount within the bombs housing. The amount of pressure needed to bring this about is unknown and possibly classified by the United States Government for reasons of National Security Plastic explosives work best in this situation since they can be manipulated to enable both a Uranium bomb and a Plutonium bomb to detonate. One very good explosive is Urea Nitrate. The directions on how to make Urea Nitrate are as follows: Ingredients 1 1 cup concentrated solution of uric acid (C5 H4 N4 O3) 2 1/3 cup of nitric acid 3 4 heat-resistant glass containers 4 4 filters (coffee filters will do) Filter the concentrated solution of uric acid through a filter to remove impurities. Slowly add 1/3 cup of nitric acid to the solution and let the mixture stand for 1 hour. Filter again as before. This time the Urea Nitrate crystals will collect on the filter. Wash the crystals by pouring water over them while they are in the filter. Remove the crystals from the filter and allow 16 hours for them to dry. This explosive will need a blasting cap to detonate. It may be necessary to make a quantity larger than the aforementioned list calls for to bring about an explosion great enough to cause the Uranium (or Plutonium) sections to weld together on impact. Neutron Deflector The neutron deflector is comprised solely of Uranium-238. Not only is U-238 non-fissionable, it also has the unique ability to reflect neutrons back to their source. The U-238 neutron deflector can serve 2 purposes. In a Uranium bomb, the neutron deflector serves as a safeguard to keep an accidental supercritical mass from occurring by bouncing the stray neutrons from the `bullet counterpart of the Uranium mass away from the greater mass below it (and vice- versa). The neutron deflector in a Plutonium bomb actually helps the wedges of Plutonium retain their neutrons by `reflecting the stray particles back into the center of the assembly. See diagram in Section 4 of this file. Uranium Plutonium - Uranium-235 is very difficult to extract. In fact, for every 25,000 tons of Uranium ore that is mined from the earth, only 50 tons of Uranium metal can be refined from that, and 99.3% of that metal is U-238 which is too stable to be used as an active agent in an atomic detonation. To make matters even more complicated, no ordinary chemical extraction can separate the two isotopes since both U-235 and U-238 possess precisely identical chemical characteristics. The only methods that can effectively separate U-235 from U-238 are mechanical methods. U-235 is slightly, but only slightly, lighter than its counterpart, U-238. A system of gaseous diffusion is used to begin the separating process between the two isotopes. In this system, Uranium is combined with fluorine to form Uranium Hexafluoride gas. This mixture is then propelled by low- pressure pumps through a series of extremely fine porous barriers. Because the U-235 atoms are lighter and thus propelled faster than the U-238 atoms, they could penetrate the barriers more rapidly. As a result, the U-235s concentration became successively greater as it passed through each barrier. After passing through several thousand barriers, the Uranium Hexafluoride contains a relatively high concentration of U-235 2% pure Uranium in the case of reactor fuel, and if pushed further could (theoretically) yield up to 95% pure Uranium for use in an atomic bomb. Once the process of gaseous diffusion is finished, the Uranium must be refined once again. Magnetic separation of the extract from the previous enriching process is then implemented to further refine the Uranium. This involves electrically charging Uranium Tetrachloride gas and directing it past a weak electromagnet. Since the lighter U-235 particles in the gas stream are less affected by the magnetic pull, they can be gradually separated from the flow. Following the first two procedures, a third enrichment process is then applied to the extract from the second process. In this procedure, a gas centrifuge is brought into action to further separate the lighter U-235 from its heavier counter-isotope. Centrifugal force separates the two isotopes of Uranium by their mass. Once all of these procedures have been completed, all that need be done is to place the properly molded components of Uranium-235 inside a warhead that will facilitate an atomic detonation. Supercritical mass for Uranium-235 is defined as 110 lbs (50 kgs) of pure Uranium. Depending on the refining process(es) used when purifying the U-235 for use, along with the design of the warhead mechanism and the altitude at which it detonates, the explosive force of the A-bomb can range anywhere from 1 kiloton (which equals 1,000 tons of TNT) to 20 megatons (which equals 20 million tons of TNT which, by the way, is the smallest strategic nuclear warhead we possess today. {Point in fact One Trident Nuclear Submarine carries as much destructive power as 25 World War IIs}). While Uranium is an ideally fissionable material, it is not the only one. Plutonium can be used in an atomic bomb as well. By leaving U-238 inside an atomic reactor for an extended period of time, the U-238 picks up extra particles (neutrons especially) and gradually is transformed into the element Plutonium. Plutonium is fissionable, but not as easily fissionable as Uranium. While Uranium can be detonated by a simple 2-part gun-type device, Plutonium must be detonated by a more complex 32-part implosion chamber along with a stronger conventional explosive, a greater striking velocity and a simultaneous triggering mechanism for the conventional explosive packs. Along with all of these requirements comes the additional task of introducing a fine mixture of Beryllium and Polonium to this metal while all of these actions are occurring. Supercritical mass for Plutonium is defined as 35.2 lbs (16 kgs). This amount needed for a supercritical mass can be reduced to a smaller quantity of 22 lbs (10 kgs) by surrounding the Plutonium with a U-238 casing. To illustrate the vast difference between a Uranium gun-type detonator and a Plutonium implosion detonator, here is a quick rundown. ============================================================================ 1 Uranium Detonator Comprised of 2 parts. Larger mass is spherical and concave. Smaller mass is precisely the size and shape of the `missing section of the larger mass. Upon detonation of conventional explosive, the smaller mass is violently injected and welded to the larger mass. Supercritical mass is reached, chain reaction follows in one millionth of a second. 2 Plutonium Detonator - Comprised of 32 individual 45-degree pie-shaped sections of Plutonium surrounding a Beryllium/Polonium mixture. These 32 sections together form a sphere. All of these sections must have the precisely equal mass (and shape) of the others. The shape of the detonator resembles a soccerball. Upon detonation of conventional explosives, all 32 sections must merge with the B/P mixture within 1 ten-millionths of a second. ____________________________________________________________________________ Diagram - ____________________________________________________________________________ | Uranium Detonator | Plutonium Detonator ______________________________________|_____________________________________ _____ | | 😠 | . 2 . | 😠 | . ~ \_/ ~ . | 2:| | .. . . . | 😠 | 2| . |2 | .:| | . ~~~ . . . ~~~ . `:: | . . . . . _ ~~~ _ | . . ~ . . . `| |:.. | 2. . . . 1 . . . ./2 . | | `:::. | ./ . ~~~ . . | | `::: | . . : . . . | | :::: | . . . . . | 1 | ::|:: | . ___ . ___ . . `. . ,::||: | 2| . |2 ~~~ ::|||: | . _ `. .. 2 .::|||: | . / . :: ..::||||: | ~ -2- ~ :::::::::::::||||:: | ::::||||||||: | ::::: | | | | | 1 = Collision Point | 1 = Collision Point 2 Uranium Section(s) | 2 = Plutonium Section(s) | | ______________________________________|_____________________________________ ============================================================================ Lead Shield The lead shields only purpose is to prevent the inherent radioactivity of the bombs payload from interfering with the other mechanisms of the bomb. The neutron flux of the bombs payload is strong enough to short circuit the internal circuitry and cause an accidental or premature detonation. Fuses The fuses are implemented as another safeguard to prevent an accidental detonation of both the conventional explosives and the nuclear payload. These fuses are set near the surface of the `nose of the bomb so that they can be installed easily when the bomb is ready to be launched. The fuses should be installed only shortly before the bomb is launched. To affix them before it is time could result in an accident of catastrophic proportions.